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Pre-Mac

1976 – 1983 · 9 devices

Pre-Mac1976–1983Mac era1984–1997iMac era1998–2000iPod era2001–2006iPhone era2007–2019Silicon2020–today

The computer «for the rest of us», the most famous ad in history, and Apple's most turbulent years — between Steve Jobs's departure and his return.

The story

Apple was born on April 1, 1976 — an unintentional April Fool's joke — when Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne formed a company to sell the Apple I, a bare motherboard hand-assembled by Wozniak. It cost $666.66 and had no keyboard, screen, or case: buyers had to add everything themselves. About two hundred were sold.

In 1977, with the arrival of investor Mike Markkula and $250,000, Apple was incorporated and launched the Apple II: one of the first mass-market personal computers, with color graphics, that would remain on sale for over a decade. Revenue grew from $174,000 in 1976 to one billion in 1982.

Not everything went smoothly: the Apple III of 1980 was the company's first major failure, and the expensive Lisa of 1983 — pioneering as it was with its graphical interface — never broke through. But the foundations for the Macintosh revolution had already been laid.

Trivia

The forgotten founder
Ronald Wayne gave up his 10% stake in Apple just twelve days after its founding, for $800, fearing debts. That share would be worth hundreds of billions today.
Newton, not the apple
The very first logo, drawn by Wayne, depicted Isaac Newton under a tree with a Wordsworth quote. It lasted less than a year, before Rob Janoff's rainbow apple.
The bite and the «byte»
Janoff's apple (1977) had a bite so it wouldn't be mistaken for a cherry; the colors echoed the Apple II's color screen. The pun on «byte» was only noticed afterward.
Why «Apple»
Jobs chose the name after a period on a fruit-only diet: he found it «fun and non-intimidating». And it came before Atari in the phone book — where both he and Woz had worked.
$666.66
The Apple I's price came from a one-third markup on the $500 wholesale cost. Wozniak, for his part, simply liked repeating digits.